20th Century Paintings
-
Authentic Landscape Oil Painting "White Cottage" Rustic Small Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Mid 20th Century presents a moody landscape with a wide, cloud-filled sky over a dark treeline and a small hint of buildings at the horizon. The artist’s brushwork is visible across the sky and ground, leaving a textured paint surface with layered, impasto strokes. Colors move from muted blues and grays above to deeper greens and earth tones below, giving a sense of depth without sharp detail. As a one-of-a-kind original, it would add vintage character to any collector’s wall. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 35 × 32.5 cm (13.8 × 12.8 inches) and weighs 0.6 kg (1.3 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€187
-
Detailed Interior Oil Painting "Snowy House" Handcrafted Small Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and shows a small winter village scene with snow-covered roofs, bare trees, and a few buildings rendered in earthy browns and muted grays. The brushwork is visible and confident, with textured, impasto strokes that build up the paint surface and give the scene tactile depth. The weathered gilt and wood frame complements the palette and highlights the painting's age without obscuring the image. This one-of-a-kind work is a singular piece for collectors who appreciate original mid-century oil landscapes. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 38 × 37 cm (15.0 × 14.6 inches) and weighs 0.8 kg (1.8 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€228
-
Classic Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Flower Arrangement" Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century presents a bouquet in a simple vessel against a warm, muted background. The composition shows layered pink and red blossoms, green leaves, and a pale heart-shaped leaf rendered with visible, tactile brushwork. You can see the textured paint surface and impasto strokes that give the flowers a lively, three-dimensional feel. One of a kind, this piece will add vintage charm and painterly presence to a collector’s wall. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 39 × 30 cm (15.4 × 11.8 inches) and weighs 0.7 kg (1.5 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€89
-
Detailed Still Life Oil Painting "Green Bottle" Traditional Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century presents a classic still life of fruit, glassware and bottles arranged on a wooden table. The composition shows apples, grapes and a wine glass beside tall bottles against a dark background, all painted with visible brushwork and a lightly textured paint surface. Rich, warm colors and quick, confident strokes give each object a tactile presence without fuss. One of a kind, this piece will add vintage charm to a collector's display. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 56.5 × 47 cm (22.2 × 18.5 inches) and weighs 2.3 kg (5.1 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€217
-
Classic Portrait Oil Painting "Blonde Woman" Timeless Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Mid 20th Century and presents a softly modeled profile of a young woman against a muted green ground. The portrait shows warm, golden hair and a hint of red at the lips, rendered with visible brushwork and a gentle, textured paint surface. The surface reveals small imperfections and layered strokes that speak to its hand-crafted nature. This one-of-a-kind piece will add a quietly elegant, vintage presence to a collector's wall. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 41 × 33 cm (16.1 × 13.0 inches) and weighs 0.7 kg (1.5 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€164
-
Handcrafted Landscape Oil Painting "Thatched Cottages" Vintage Small Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and shows a rural scene with thatched roofs, a dirt road and a lone figure near the center. The simple palette of blues, greens and earth tones reads clearly, and visible brushwork creates a textured sky and layered fields. The worn, rustic frame and the paint surface both show tactile age and handling. This one-of-a-kind work will bring vintage charm and a handcrafted presence to a collector’s wall. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 35 × 28 cm (13.8 × 11.0 inches) and weighs 0.5 kg (1.1 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€156
-
Original Cityscape Oil Painting "Wooden Door" Authentic Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and depicts a sunlit doorway and window with a small planter beneath, rendered in warm, muted tones. The scene is clearly visible with textured brushwork that builds up the stone and wood surfaces and lively strokes for foliage and flowers. The paint surface shows layered application and slight impasto in places, giving the composition a tactile presence. One of a kind and rich with vintage charm, this piece will add character to a collector's interior. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 43.5 × 34 cm (17.1 × 13.4 inches) and weighs 1.2 kg (2.6 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€167
-
Rustic Landscape Oil Painting "Bare Trees" Original Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and depicts a small village scene framed by bare trees. The visible palette uses muted earth tones with touches of ochre and rust, applied in lively, textured strokes. Thick impasto and energetic brushwork build a tactile surface that catches the light across branches and snow. One of a kind, this work brings vintage character and material presence to a collector’s wall. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 50 × 40 cm (19.7 × 15.7 inches) and weighs 1.4 kg (3.1 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€204
-
Traditional Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Red Bouquet" Timeless Small Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Mid 20th Century presents a simple bouquet of red blooms in a dark vase against a soft, muted background. The petals and stems are rendered with visible brushwork and slight tonal layering that gives the surface a tactile texture. The wood panel shows gentle age and wear that accentuates the painted surface rather than distracts. As a one-of-a-kind piece, it brings a quietly charming vintage presence to any collection. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 12 × 10.5 cm (4.7 × 4.1 inches) and weighs 0.1 kg (0.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€48
-
Authentic Landscape Oil Painting "Gold Frame" Refined Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century shows a lively village scene with houses, foliage and a reflective waterway rendered in rich, visible impasto. The artist’s layered brushwork and textured paint surface create a tactile sense of movement across the sky and reeds. Presented within a warm, gold-toned frame, the colors and thick strokes read clearly and confidently. This one-of-a-kind work will add genuine vintage charm to a collector’s walls. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 52 × 42 cm (20.5 × 16.5 inches) and weighs 1.4 kg (3.1 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€212
-
Traditional Landscape Oil Painting "Red Roofed House" Authentic Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Early 20th Century and presents a small rural scene with peaked red roofs, a cottage, trees and a cloudy sky. The visible canvas shows layered brushwork and a textured paint surface that catches light across the roof and foliage. The warm tones and loose, tactile strokes give the scene a lived-in, intimate feel. This one-of-a-kind work would add vintage character to any collector’s cabinet of small landscapes. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 33.5 × 28 cm (13.2 × 11.0 inches) and weighs 0.65 kg (1.4 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€78
-
Elegant Figurative Oil Painting "Tavern Table" Timeless Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and presents a lively interior scene with figures gathered around tables beneath exposed wooden beams. The image shows a warm palette of earth tones, small groups of people, patterned windows, and everyday objects placed across the room. Visible brushwork and a tactile paint surface give the scene depth and a slightly worn, lived-in texture. One of a kind, this original work offers a charming focal point for a collector seeking vintage character. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 57 × 47 cm (22.4 × 18.5 inches) and weighs 1.8 kg (4.0 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€179
-
Expressive Flowery Still Life Oil Painting "Flower Bouquet" Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted original Oil Painting from the Mid 20th Century presents a lively bouquet in a simple vase, rendered in vivid reds, purples and pinks against a muted green background. The floral forms are clearly visible and the paint surface shows tactile brushwork and layered texture, especially in the petals and leaves. The worn gilt frame and slight surface age add to its vintage character without obscuring the composition. This one-of-a-kind piece would bring color and mid-century charm to a collector's wall. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 12.5 × 11 cm (4.9 × 4.3 inches) and weighs 0.1 kg (0.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€62
-
Traditional Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Gilded Frame" Refined Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted original Oil Painting dates from the Mid 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind piece for collectors. The small oval floral still life shows rich, colorful blossoms painted directly onto the panel, with visible brushwork in the petals and leaves. The surrounding gilt frame has an ornate relief pattern and a textured paint surface with subtle wear and craquelure. Together the painted surface and carved gilding create a warm, tactile presence that stands out in any collection. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 20 × 18 cm (7.9 × 7.1 inches) and weighs 0.5 kg (1.1 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€289
-
Original Still Life Oil Painting "Decorated Jar" Authentic Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century presents a warm still life of fruit and a lidded bowl on a wooden table. The composition shows pomegranates, bananas and an orange beside a patterned ceramic pot, all set against a softly variegated green background. Visible brushwork and a textured paint surface bring tactile energy to the fruit and pottery, catching light across layered color. One of a kind and clearly vintage, this piece would add period charm to any collector’s wall. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 50 × 41.5 cm (19.7 × 16.3 inches) and weighs 0.9 kg (2.0 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€74
-
Rustic Seascape Oil Painting "Framed Painting" Expressive Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind landscape. The scene shows a quiet riverbank with small boats and a cluster of tall trees rendered in muted earth tones. Visible brushwork and a textured paint surface create soft highlights and subtle impasto in the foliage and sky. The work sits in a warm wooden frame that complements the painting’s aged patina. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 32.5 × 24 cm (12.8 × 9.4 inches) and weighs 0.4 kg (0.9 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€148
-
Vintage Interior Oil Painting "Young Man" Traditional Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted original Oil Painting from the Mid 20th Century presents a formal portrait of a young man in a dark suit and tan tie against a softly blended, muted background. The face and hair are rendered with smooth, controlled strokes while the background shows subtle layered glazing that gives depth to the surface. The paint surface reveals gentle texture and visible brushwork in areas of the hair and clothing, reflecting the artist’s hand. This one-of-a-kind work offers a timeless presence ideal for a collector seeking an authentic vintage portrait. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 68 × 53 cm (26.8 × 20.9 inches) and weighs 4 kg (8.8 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€362
-
Rustic Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Gilded Frame" Detailed Small Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Mid 20th Century and shows a finely detailed bouquet of flowers set against a dark background. The small composition is painted with confident, visible brushwork that creates lively petals and layered texture on the paint surface. The piece is presented in an ornate, gold-toned frame with carved floral motifs that complement the painting without overpowering it. This one-of-a-kind work would make a charming addition to a collector’s cabinet of vintage floral studies. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 36 × 31 cm (14.2 × 12.2 inches) and weighs 2.1 kg (4.6 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€234
-
Elegant Still Life Oil Painting "Brass Pitcher" Handcrafted Large Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Early 20th Century and presents a classic still life of a brass pitcher, a patterned plate and several apples against a dark background. The composition is rendered with rich, warm tones that emphasize the reflective surfaces of the metal and the subtle color of the fruit. You can see varied brushwork and a layered paint surface that give the objects a tangible texture under the varnish. As a one-of-a-kind original, this piece brings a quiet, timeless presence to a collector’s room. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 71 × 60.5 cm (28.0 × 23.8 inches) and weighs 4.2 kg (9.3 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€396
-
Detailed Harbor Scene Oil Painting "Framed Painting" Authentic Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Late 20th Century and presents a small, lively seascape with boats seen against a calm blue horizon. The image shows visible, confident brushstrokes and layered paint creating texture on the surface, especially in the water and vessel details. The work is housed within a worn, reflective frame that complements the cool palette and adds character. As a one-of-a-kind original, it will make a distinctive addition to a collector’s coastal or mid-century selection. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 25 × 21.5 cm (9.8 × 8.5 inches) and weighs 0.6 kg (1.3 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€126
-
Elegant Interior Oil Painting "Gilded Frame" Original Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Early 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind work for collectors. The scene shows a small village with red-roofed houses, a stone bridge and a canal, rendered in visible, textured brushstrokes. Paint surface crackle and layered impasto give the composition a tactile, aged feel. The ornate gilt frame complements the painting and highlights its vintage character. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 32 × 27 cm (12.6 × 10.6 inches) and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€242
-
Timeless Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Flower Vase" Detailed Small Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Early 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind still life showing a small vase of flowers against a blue background. The composition features white and orange blooms with visible, lively brushwork that builds texture across the petals and vase. Thick, tactile paint strokes and slight impasto give the surface a handmade, lived-in character. It would make a charming, intimate addition to a collector’s vintage ensemble. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 9 × 7 cm (3.5 × 2.8 inches) and weighs 0.1 kg (0.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€52
-
Rustic Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Flower Vase" Handcrafted Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Early 20th Century and is a charming, one-of-a-kind floral still life. The image shows a small vase filled with bright, colorful blooms against a soft blue-green background, all presented in a worn, gilt frame. Visible brushwork and layered paint create a textured surface, especially in the petals and foliage. This intimate piece would add vintage warmth and unique character to a collector’s display. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 7 × 9 cm (2.8 × 3.5 inches) and weighs 0.1 kg (0.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€52
-
Elegant Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Pink Vase" Classic Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted original Oil Painting dates to the Early 20th Century and presents a small still life of flowers in a vase against a blue background. The composition shows layered, visible brushstrokes and a tactile paint surface where thick petals and leaves catch the light. The signed work is presented in a simple wooden surround and feels intimate and personal on close viewing. As a one-of-a-kind original, it will make a charming addition for collectors of period florals. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 7 × 9 cm (2.8 × 3.5 inches) and weighs 0.1 kg (0.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€52
-
Rustic Flowery Still Life Oil Painting "Blue Vase" Elegant Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted original Oil Painting dates to the Early 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind still life. The composition shows a blue vase holding loosely rendered blossoms in white, pink and red with green leaves against a muted background. Thick, visible brushstrokes and a textured paint surface give the petals and foliage a lively, tactile quality. Framed in warm wood, the piece carries a charming, vintage presence for any collector. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 7 × 9 cm (2.8 × 3.5 inches) and weighs 0.1 kg (0.2 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€52
-
Elegant Still Life Oil Painting "Gilded Frame" Original Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Early 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind still life. The visible composition shows a cluster of pale grapes, a metal cup and a small red fruit on a dark background, all painted with careful, visible brushwork. You can see the textured paint surface and layered highlights that give the fruit and metal a tactile presence. The worn gilded frame adds period charm while keeping the focus on the painted surface. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 19 × 17 cm (7.5 × 6.7 inches) and weighs 0.4 kg (0.9 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€146
-
Handcrafted Interior Oil Painting "Golden Frame" Vintage Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century depicts a coastal scene with ships, waterfront buildings, and small groups of figures along the shore. The image shows warm, layered color and visible brushwork that gives the sea and sky a softly textured surface. The ornate gilt frame complements the painting’s rich tones and small-scale details. This one-of-a-kind work offers a unique historic charm for a discerning collector. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 31 × 36 cm (12.2 × 14.2 inches) and weighs 0.8 kg (1.8 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€276
-
Handcrafted Landscape Oil Painting "Thatched Cottage" Expressive Large Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Early 20th Century and depicts a rustic cottage set beside trees and a calm body of water. The scene is rendered in warm, natural tones with visible brushwork and a subtly textured paint surface that catches the light. The composition shows careful layering of color in the sky, foliage, and reflections, all clearly painted by hand. As a one-of-a-kind work, it will bring vintage charm and painterly presence to any collector's walls. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 50 × 89.5 cm (19.7 × 35.2 inches) and weighs 1.2 kg (2.6 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€109
-
Classic Landscape Oil Painting "Forest Path" Authentic Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates from the Mid 20th Century and reads as a verdant landscape rendered in layered greens and ochres. The scene shows vertical tree trunks and patches of foliage with darker tones suggesting depth. Visible brushwork and textured paint build up the surface, with small areas of wear at the canvas edges that confirm age. One of a kind and ready to add vintage character to a collector’s walls. Mid 20th Century. The painting measures 28 × 35 cm (11.0 × 13.8 inches) and weighs 0.2 kg (0.4 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€102
-
Expressive Still Life Oil Painting "Fruit Bowl" Refined Large Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century presents a still life of fruit, a glass bottle, and a cup arranged on a dark tabletop. The painterly surface shows visible brushwork and subtle texture where the highlights and fruit are built up. The muted, deep background contrasts with the looser, more tactile strokes on the bowl and fruit. This one-of-a-kind work would add vintage charm to a collector's interior. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 79 × 69 cm (31.1 × 27.2 inches) and weighs 3 kg (6.6 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€168
-
Classic Seascape Oil Painting "Sailing Ship" Original Large Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Early 20th Century depicts a full-rigged ship sailing on dark, choppy seas beneath a cloud-filled sky. The visible surface shows raised, textured paint and noticeable brushwork across the clouds and waves. The ship's rigging and sails are carefully rendered in fine strokes against a muted blue-green background. One of a kind, this painting carries the tactile presence and charm of a vintage maritime work. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 94 × 55 cm (37.0 × 21.7 inches) and weighs 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€142
-
Authentic Landscape Oil Painting "Thatched Cottage" Handcrafted Large Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Early 20th Century and offers a quietly evocative rural scene of trees, a thatched cottage, and a reflective stream. The warm, muted palette and visible brushwork create a softly textured surface that catches the light across the sky and foliage. The composition reads naturally and shows fine, layered paint where trees and reflections meet the water. As a one-of-a-kind original, it will add period character and subtle atmosphere to a collector’s holdings. Early 20th Century. The painting measures 78 × 94 cm (30.7 × 37.0 inches) and weighs 2.9 kg (6.4 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€353
-
Rustic Landscape Oil Painting "Birch Trunk" Vintage Large Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting dates to the Late 20th Century and is a one-of-a-kind landscape scene. The composition shows a stand of birch trees beside a dark pond with a line of small white ducks on the water. Visible layered brushwork and textured paint create a mottled foliage surface and raised highlights on the tree trunks. Warm, worn frame edges complete the presentation, inviting this unique piece into a collector's display. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 84 × 64 cm (33.1 × 25.2 inches) and weighs 3 kg (6.6 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€204
-
Rustic Landscape Oil Painting "Birch Trees" Handcrafted Large Art
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century shows a tranquil woodland scene with a dirt path leading past birch trees toward a misty background. The composition is rendered in soft, natural tones with visible brushwork and subtle texture on the paint surface that catch the light. The worn black-and-gold frame complements the vintage feel and the artist’s layered strokes remain clear around tree trunks and foliage. This one-of-a-kind work will add a warm, lived-in presence to a collector’s display. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 64 × 83.5 cm (25.2 × 32.9 inches) and weighs 2.3 kg (5.1 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€159
-
Elegant Floral Still Life Oil Painting "Rose Bouquet" Authentic Small Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century presents a delicate bouquet of roses in a round vase, rendered against a softly graduated background. The composition shows pale pink and deep red blooms with green leaves, all painted directly on canvas and visible through subtle impasto and textured brushwork. The paint surface catches light differently across the petals and background, suggesting layered strokes and a tactile finish. One of a kind, this charming still life would add vintage character to a collector’s wall. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 32.5 × 37 cm (12.8 × 14.6 inches) and weighs 0.9 kg (2.0 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€82
-
Rustic Still Life Oil Painting "Brass Jug" Original Artwork
This authentic, hand-painted, original Oil Painting from the Late 20th Century presents a still life of fruit, a brass jug and a candle rendered in warm, natural tones. The composition shows visible canvas texture and confident brushwork in the highlights and shadows. The dark, multi-tiered wooden frame with a thin gilt inner trim complements the painting’s deep palette. This is a one-of-a-kind artwork that will bring classic warmth to any collection. Late 20th Century. The painting measures 42 × 48 cm (16.5 × 18.9 inches) and weighs 1.5 kg (3.3 lbs). The frame shown in the photos is included.
€121
You have seen 1008 out of 1450 products
Browse our collection of original early 20th century oil paintings — vintage European works that capture one of the most dynamic periods in art history. Every painting is a one-of-a-kind original, personally sourced across Europe, and once sold it is gone.
The early 20th century saw European painting move rapidly through styles: late Impressionism and Post-Impressionism carried the traditions of the late 1800s into the new century, the Hague School continued to shape Dutch painting into the 1920s, and movements like Fauvism, Expressionism, and various regional modernisms emerged alongside more traditional academic and realist work. For collectors, this period offers a rare combination — the technical skill of the 19th century still very much alive, with the freer brushwork and bolder palettes of early modernism starting to appear.
This collection spans the full range of early 20th century oil paintings: pastoral landscapes, maritime and harbor scenes, Dutch village and canal views, Impressionist-influenced still lifes, early modernist portraits, and traditional figure and animal paintings. Styles range from tonal realism and Hague School atmospherics to looser Impressionist and Post-Impressionist work. For browsing by subject, see our landscape paintings, seascape paintings, and portrait paintings collections.
Every piece is an authentic original oil painting — oil on canvas, board, or panel — often signed and typically with the soft craquelure that develops over a century or more. Listings state the era (early, mid, or late 20th century where known), medium, dimensions, attribution, and condition. Period frames are included and photographed where present.
New early 20th century paintings are added to the collection regularly. If a piece catches your eye, secure it promptly — this is the only one of its kind.